From new drugs and energy production to the development of computer chips science has been the basis for many of the world’s most significant technological breakthroughs. However, while innovation drives science, business is about profit and ensuring shareholders are satisfied. Business and science were traditionally thought of as two distinct worlds. Both are interconnected and it is impossible to separate their impact on business from the effects of research.
While the business world is principally focused on making money, its long-term consequences can have significant social, environmental and economic implications. Science is equally concerned about the effects of its actions, particularly its decisions regarding resource exploitation and sustainable development. A well-run business, for example will exploit natural resources at an amount that is scientifically deemed as sustainable, but the greed of some companies has resulted in over-exploitation and ecological disaster.
We have coded the intended results and the results of these http://scorbe.de/performance-theory-in-modern-physics strategies. (TL was the first to do the coding, and AG coded 20% of papers). We discovered that companies employ five macro-level strategies which work in tandem to minimize the perceived credibility of unfavourable science and maximize favorable science. These strategies are operationalised by meso strategies that gradually alter the evidence base to the favor of industry. This has three indirect effects: to cast doubt on the potential harms that are caused by the use of industry products and practices; to promote policy solutions that favor industry; and to increase the sales, consumption, and use of industry-related products.